dị sắc
Definition
Adjective (Medical/Optical):
- Metachromatic: Having, exhibiting, or relating to the property of appearing as different colors when viewed under different conditions, especially when stained with a single dye and observed at varying wavelengths of light.
- Dichroic: Exhibiting different colors when viewed from different directions or under different light polarizations.
Noun (Medical/Optical):
- Metachromasia / Metachromatism: The phenomenon in which a single stain or substance produces multiple colors, often due to variations in molecular concentration, pH, or the physical orientation of structures.
Usage Examples
Adjective:
- Các hạt trong tế bào có thể dị sắc khi nhuộm với thuốc nhuộm thionin. (Particles within the cell can be metachromatic when stained with thionin dye.)
- Tinh thể này dị sắc, hiện màu xanh lam từ góc này và màu đỏ từ góc kia. (This crystal is dichroic, appearing blue from this angle and red from that one.)
Noun:
- Dị sắc quan sát được là một đặc điểm chẩn đoán quan trọng. (The observed metachromasia is an important diagnostic feature.)
Advanced Usage
- "dị sắc quang": This compound term specifically refers to dichroism in optical physics, where a material's absorption of light depends on the polarization of that light.
- Kính phân cực dựa trên hiện tượng dị sắc quang. (Polarizing lenses are based on the phenomenon of dichroism.)
Variants and Related Words
- Tính dị sắc (n): The property of being metachromatic or dichroic; metachromasia, dichroism.
- Vật dị sắc (n): A dichroic or metachromatic object.
Synonyms
- Metachromatic (for staining/physics contexts).
- Dichroic (for optical/physics contexts).
- Pleochroic (a related but broader term for showing multiple colors from different crystal orientations).
Related Scientific Concepts
- Metachromatic Staining: A histological technique where tissues stained with a basic dye (like toluidine blue) show colors (e.g., red, purple) different from the dye's original color (blue), often indicating specific substances like sulfated glycosaminoglycans.
- Dichroism: The optical property of a material having different absorption spectra for light polarized in different directions. A common example is a dichroic filter or crystal.